ORIGINAL_ARTICLE The goal of this study was to optimize the molecular polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) to detect R. salmoninarum, as well to evaluate and determine the sensitive limits, specificity, and predictive values. The methodology comprised two phases: first, was the implementation and optimization of nested PCR technique to detect R. salmoninarum, and second, was the technique evaluation through sensitive and specificity tests. In second phase, it was needed to make cycling and temperature modifications of primers alignment to optimize and suppressed to unspecific bands. Tested primers were P3, M21, P4, and M38 against two species phylogenetically associated: A. salmonicida and M. luteus. Decimals dilutions were applied to sensitive test. The calculated specificity was 100%, with positive predictive value of 100%, and negative value of 100%. With respect sensibility, based in 12.1 ng µL-1 concentration, was detected (0.121 ng µL-1) in first step, and 1.21 × 10-4 ng µL-1 at second step. While at a 26.1 ng µL-1 concentration, was detected 2.61 × 10-3 ng µL-1 in first step, and 2.61 × 10-10 ng µL-1. We can conclude that nested PCR technique was selective and effective for estimated detection of 6.5 cells of R. salmoninarum. http://www.journal-aquaticscience.com/article_81114_8e693981272d199d473179b00fb91d25.pdf 2019-01-01T11:23:20 2020-07-12T11:23:20 3 10 Nested PCR Renibacterium salmoninarum evaluation Mariela González-Rentería true 1 AUTHOR Martha Rodríguez-Gutiérrez true 2 AUTHOR María del Carmen Monroy-Dosta true 3 AUTHOR Jesús Dámaso Bustamante-González true 4 AUTHOR Cortes García Araceli true 5 AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE The report of the decline in the population of Etheria elliptica necessitate the habitat study of the mussel in river Ogbese and Owena reservoir, Ondo state, Nigeria in order to know the status of the organism within the ecosystem. Thirty (30) specimens each from the water bodies were sampled between May to August 2012. The meristic variables and the condition factor of mussels showed that the samples from Owena reservoir (K = 16.33) were heavier than River Ogbese (K = 8.34). The water quality parameter buttress a better mussel in Owena reservoir, this is as a result of controlled human activities experienced by the reservoir. Nevertheless, the water quality parameters obtained from both water bodies were within the requirements of the mussel. Positive allometric growth pattern was observed in Etheria elliptica from both water bodies (Ogbese b = 3.02; Owena b = 3.01). The flow rate of both water bodies differ slightly, with river Ogbese having the highest flow rate. The study revealed that Etheria elliptica in both study areas were in good and healthy conditions despite the various human activities on the water bodies. http://www.journal-aquaticscience.com/article_81115_d0da403456300c2c0481253117f3c5ba.pdf 2019-01-01T11:23:20 2020-07-12T11:23:20 11 18 condition factor Human disturbance Owena Reservoir River Ogbese Etheria elliptica Olamide Olaronke Olawusi-Peters true 1 AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Salinity is one of the most significant problems that the environment of Iraqi freshwater faces where the suffering of the Tigris, Euphrates and the Shatt al-Arab Rivers as well as land in the past with only the finest of the clear increase in the quantity of salts. There is relatively a little information available on the responses and adaptations of freshwater organisms penetrating into brackish water. Bearing this in mind, we studied the acute and chronic effects of different salinity values in: Daphnia magna Straus, Salinity experiments were based on successive dilutions of a stock solution of coarse salt was collected from the land of Wasit Governorate-Iraq, The mortality was significantly affected by the interactive effect of suspended bentonite clay Salinity significantly affected all physiological variables on both experimental occasions. Total protein slightly increased for Daphnia magna reared in salinity 0.5‰, 1‰, 1.5‰, than those reared in control group. http://www.journal-aquaticscience.com/article_81116_ecd290a3aa2a65ed6ad4da7e05177904.pdf 2019-01-01T11:23:20 2020-07-12T11:23:20 19 26 Toxicity tests Coarse salt Daphnia magna life history Maysoon H.M. Al-Seria true 1 AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE This experiment was conducted over a 15-day period to determine efficiency of two algae species, Scenedesmus obliquus, Chlorellavulgaris, either singularly or in combination, in nutrient absorption from municipal wastewater. Algal cell counting was performed daily, but water nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia, chlorophyll a, algal biomass, BOD and COD levels were determined every other day. At the end of the experiment, water phosphate in treatments C0, M50 and S100 was zero. Also, water nitrate levels reached zero, only in treatment M50 and all groups of treatment S. The maximum algal biomass was observed in treatment S0 (0.6 gL-1; p<0.05) at the end of the experiment. Algal biomass of the treatment S groups was significantly lower than that of the other treatments (0.2 gL-1; p<0.05). The maximum chlorophyll a with significant difference was observed in treatment S0. COD and BOD content showed constant trends among the treatments. The lowest COD and BOD was observed in treatments S and C respectively (4.1 mgL-1; p<0.05; 1.3 mgL-1; p<0.05). Overall, Sc. Obliquus was more efficient than Ch. vulgaris in biomass production, chlorophyll a concentration and nutrient absorption. http://www.journal-aquaticscience.com/article_81117_cc8fad88cae0f33bb4698e654c58f892.pdf 2019-01-01T11:23:20 2020-07-12T11:23:20 27 36 Scenedesmus obliquus Chlorella vulgaris phosphate Municipal wastewater Mohammad Hadi Abolhasani true 1 AUTHOR Seyed Abbas Hoseini true 2 AUTHOR Rasool Ghorbani true 3 AUTHOR Ordog Vince true 4 AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE The study was carried out to determine the prevalence, intensity and pathological effects of parasites in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, Chrysichthys auratus and Synodontis clarias, from Asejire Dam, a man-made lake in south-west Nigeria. A total of 250 randomly selected fish specimens consisting of 63 C. nigrodigitatus, 99 C. auratus and 88 S. clarias were sampled from January to June 2011. Fish body length, weight and sex were determined. Dissection to extract helminth parasites and histopathological examination of tissues of the intestines and stomachs were carried out. A total of 1775 parasites were recovered from S. clarias and C. nigrodigitatus. Parasite prevalence was higher in S. clarias (86.36%) than in C. nigrodigitatus (7.94%) while C. auratus were not infected. Helminths recovered included five cestodes: Paraglaridacris limnodrili, Wenyonia longicauda, Wenyonia youdeoweii, Wenyonia virilis and Caryophy-llaeus spp., and two nematodes: Procamallanus spp. and Cosmoxynema vianai. Infection in males and females was not statistically different (P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the prevalence of helminths in relation to size, however bigger sizes of S. clarias and C. nigrodigitatus were more parasitized. Pathological conditions such as lymphocytic infiltration, moderate disruption of muscular mucosa and intestinal villi, edema were found in infected fishes. http://www.journal-aquaticscience.com/article_81118_7405e2bda51586965598fc2aaea58619.pdf 2019-01-01T11:23:20 2020-07-12T11:23:20 37 47 Fish parasites Helminths Asejire Dam Nigeria Fidelia Adegoroye true 1 AUTHOR Michael Omobhude true 2 AUTHOR Olajumoke Morenikeji true 3 AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Morphological traits used in taxonomic separation of M. macrobrachion and M. vollenhovenii into two distinct species were reviewed. Observations from non-parametric traits revealed that M. macrobrachion exhibited absence of spinules on the palm; short and scanty pubescence on telson and uropod; a region of rostral spines discontinuity and presence of apical tooth on the dorsal part of rostrum which distinguished it from M. vollenhovenii. Measurements of parametric traits showed that there were no significant variations (p>0.05) in the mean total lengths, carapace lengths and rostral lengths between male to male and female to female specimens of the two prawns. Also, no significant variation (p>0.05) existed in their mean body weights, although specimens of M. vollenhovenii appeared more robust in body shape. Mean chela lengths (right and left) were higher for M. macrobrachion than for M. vollenhovenii. Meristic count of dorsal spines on rostrum ranged from 8-15 and 8-16 while that of ventral spines ranged from 3-7 and 3-8 for M. macrobrachion and M. vollenhovenii respectively. The results obtained in this study revealed that these prawns are easily separable based on their morphological traits. However, further study is recommended for their genetic characterization to validate their true existence as separate species. http://www.journal-aquaticscience.com/article_81119_82ea6018fb2b945a1516b30d665f0a9e.pdf 2019-01-01T11:23:20 2020-07-12T11:23:20 48 54 Osun River Morphological traits Macrobrachium macrobrachion Macrobrachium vollenhovenii Abiodun Adeyemi Eniade true 1 AUTHOR Dominic Olabode Odedeyi true 2 AUTHOR Oluayo Bello-Olusoji true 3 AUTHOR Olabode Thomas Adebayo true 4 AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE The inclusion of Culex stigmatosoma and Cx. quinquefasciatus pre-adults mosquito was analyzed as live food for fish with ornamental potential (angel fish Pterophyllum scalare and zebra fish Brachidanio rerio), native (Mexican mojarra Cichlasoma istlanum) and endemic (Balsas catfish Ictalurus balsanus). Mosquito’s characteristics are: high nutritional quality, movement, soft body, availability, abundance and acceptance, which position the pre-adults mosquito as a potential live food for fish species. The aim was analyzing the pre-adults mosquito efficacy in the feeding fish. The information analyzed show significant increases, depending on the species, in fish fed with pre-adults mosquito; increment in weight of 32.10 to 49.32 mg/day, specific growth rate of 1.96 to 3.25% body weight/day, spawning frequency every 14.40 to 28.0 days, eggs number from 506.45 to 1477.2 per spawn, offspring production from 212.71 to 1322.2, survival of larvae from 42.21% to 85.0%, and adults from 85.99% to 100%. However, and despite the good results, the cultivation of mosquitoes is not recommended, but recollection and inclusion as a live food in the diet for freshwater is recommended. http://www.journal-aquaticscience.com/article_81120_b59197ddf6da13912662124c8090bfa0.pdf 2019-01-01T11:23:20 2020-07-12T11:23:20 55 59 Pre-adults mosquito Freshwater fish living food Jorge Luna-Figueroa true 1 AUTHOR Elsah Arce true 2 AUTHOR José Figueroa true 3 AUTHOR Marco Archundia true 4 AUTHOR

ORIGINAL_ARTICLE Sabah has the highest annual whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) aquaculture production in Malaysia. However, disease infection is one of the big problems to whiteleg shrimp aquaculture. One of the promising control strategies is theusing of probiotics. Currently, the study on probiotic in Sabah is very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate, characterize and identify potential probiotic bacteria from the gut ofpond-cultured whiteleg shrimp in Tuaran, Sabah. Eight out of a total of twenty one isolatesfrom TSA, Rogosa and MRS agarwere screened out and designated as GS4, GS11, GS12, GS14, GS15, WS1, WS3 and WS5. However, four isolates (GS11, GS12, GS15 and WS5) had probiotic potential for shrimp culture. They are identified as Shewanella sp. (WS5), Bacillus thuringiensis (GS11), Lactobacillus plantarum (GS12), and B. cereus (GS15). Among the four selected isolates, GS15 has the highest probiotic potential due to positive antagonistic activity against pathogenic V. harveyi. Further research such as in vivo assay still needs to be conducted to test the probiotic potential of the four selected isolates from the gut of collected L. vannamei samples. Besides being used to support disease management of L. vannamei aquaculture in Sabah, all four isolates might help aquaculture of other penaeid shrimp or non-penaeid shrimp species. http://www.journal-aquaticscience.com/article_81121_e109d5b1e42bb13b99751f39df5ed37b.pdf 2019-01-01T11:23:20 2020-07-12T11:23:20 60 73 Probiotic Potential Bacillus Shrimp Industry Probiotic Screening Antagonistic Test Chun Yao Ang true 1 AUTHOR Tamrin M. Lal true 2 AUTHOR