Successful nursing of Caridina cantonensis larvae with Ca-alginate microencapsulated diet in the first feeding 2 2 The effect of dietary microencapsulated diet (MED), artificial diet (ATD; approximately 28% protein) and Artemia shell-free (ART) on growth performance, survival rate, diet digestibility, protein synthesis capacity, enzyme activities of the larvae shrimp were investigated. The experiment was conducted in 3 treatments with 5 replicates. The 1 day post hatched (1 dph) shrimp were then fed twice daily with experimental diets for 60 days. The results of this study indicated that the larvae fed with the MED showed a higher (P<0.05) growth performance in term of total weight, specific growth rate, average daily gain and survival rate than the larvae fed with ART and ATD. Concerning the experimental diet digestibility, MEDwas reported to have higher protein and carbohydrate digestibility than ART and ATD in both the 15 and 60 days larvae (15 and 16 dph) (P<0.05). Regarding, protein synthesis capacity, muscle RNA concentration in the shrimps fed with MED (16.33±1.15 µg mg-1 muscle) was much higher than the other treatments (P< 0.05). Similarly, the shrimps fed with MED over 60 days had the highest protein synthesis capacity (RNA/protein ratio) (P< 0.05). However, the results of muscle protein concentration showed no difference between the treatments. (P>0.05). Enzyme activities were also focused on, the results indicated that the protease, amylase and lipase activity of the larvae fed with the microencapsulated diet was much higher than the other experimental diets (P< 0.05). 1 - 66 76 - - Supalug Kattakdad Iran - - Orapint Jintasataporn Iran - - Wanchai Worawattanamateekul Iran - - Srinoy Chumkam Iran alginate microencapsulated diet growth performance Caridina cantoensis

Cytological study of Echinometra mathaei (Echinoidea: Camarodonta: Echinometra), the Persian Gulf sea urchin 2 2 The sea urchins belong to the phylum of Echinodermata, have been founded in the middle or the lowest depth of marine coral reefs. The sea urchins have been used in many different studies for more than one century. As there was no comprehensive study concerning characterization of the Persian Gulf sea urchin, E. mathaei, this study was aimed to investigate the cytology of its coelomocytes. Study of cytology was performed using light, scanning, and electron microscopy and flow cytometry as well. Coelomic cavity of sea urchin is filled with coelomic fluid that houses free mobile populations of cells of sea urchin E. mathaei, specifically called coelomocytes. They are distinguished to seven types based on their morphological and ultrastructural characteristics including red and colourless spherulocytes, granular spherulocytes, small spherulocytes, vibratile cells, and phagocytic cells. Phagocytic cells exist in two distinct forms; the petaloid and filopodial cell. Flow cytometry analyses showed three cell populations. To our knowledge, this is the ﬁrst report describing ultrastructural details of the coelomocytes of E. mathaei. 1 - 77 84 - - Fatemeh Piryaei Iran - - Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi Iran - - Delavar Shahbazzadeh Iran - - Kamran Pooshang Bagheri Iran Sea urchin Echinometra mathaei Cytology

Utilization of different dietary carbohydrate sources in hybrid grouper, Tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, ♀) × Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus, ♂) juveniles 2 2 Four isoproteic (50% crude protein) and isolipidic (10% crude lipid) diets containing four different carbohydrate sources (tapioca, corn, sago and dextrin) at the same inclusion level (20%) were fed to triplicate groups of fish for 67 days. The fish were cultured in 150L fiberglass tanks with 20 individuals/tank. At the end of the feeding trial, growth performance and feed intake of fish fed diets tapioca, corn and sago were better than those fed diet dextrin. Body indices, muscle and liver composition were also affected by the dietary treatments. Sago diet produced fish with significantly higher glucose and lower total protein than other diets. Meanwhile, only mean cell volume and platelet count of blood were affected by the carbohydrate sources. In general, the values of digestibility for dry matter, protein and lipid were considered high in all diets, with significant differences detected among them. In conclusion, all tested starches performed significantly better than dextrin as carbohydrate sources, and the findings of the present study had provided the aquafeed industry with more carbohydrate choices in the formulation of diets for grouper species. 1 - 85 92 - - Ruziah Ismail Iran - - Annita Seok-Kian Yong Iran - - Leong Seng Lim Iran - - Gunzo Kawamura Iran - - Rossita Shapawi Iran Sago starch corn starch tapioca starch dextrin TGGG

Growth evaluation of Ambystoma mexicanum and Ocimum basilicum with application of Bacillus subtilis probiotic in aquaponic system 2 2 The mean goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of Bacillus subtilis probiotic, obtained from intestinal tract of Ambystoma mexicanum in the growth of axolotl and basil Ocimum basilicum in an aquaponic system during 10 culture weeks. For this study, two experimental treatments under controlled conditions were designed and made per triplicate. Axolotl organisms final mean weight was 22.85±0.31 g (probiotic treatment) and 22.91±0.55 g (control treatment); length was 126.62±1.34 mm (probiotic treatment) and 131.94±0.55 mm (control treatment). Basil plant total length was 202.85±1.52 mm (probiotic) and 199.28±0.71 mm (control). Both experiments showed significant differences (p<0.05). Survival was of 100% for axolotl and basil. This study shows that Ambystoma mexicanum and Ocimum basilicum were adapted successfully in aquaponic systems without need to apply some inorganic or organic fertilizer. 1 - 93 98 - - María Guadalupe Huitzitl-López Iran - - María del Carmen Monroy-Dosta Iran - - Jorge Castro-Mejía Iran - - Gabriela Vázquez-Silva Iran - - Eduardo Maximiliano Chávez Serrano Iran aquaculture axolotl basil functional foods

Response of Clarias gariepinus juveniles to varying concentrations of copper in water containing Pteridium aquilinium (Bracken Fern) and Poultry manure 2 2 Pteridium aquilinum (four fully formed fronds and 3-4 young shoots) were acclimatized in tanks containing 20 litres of water and 10 mg/l poultry manure for one week before the addition of different concentrations of copper (0, 1.8, 3.2, 5.6 and 10.0 mg/l) as hydrated copper chloride for twenty four hours. At the end of this period, juvenile Clarias gariepinus (mean weight 40g, length 22cm) which had been acclimatized for two weeks were introduced into the tanks containing P. aquilinum, poultry manure and different concentrations of copper as copper chloride for 96 hours. Each concentration of copper and 10mg/l poultry manure served as a treatment. This study aimed at evaluating the response of C. gariepinus juveniles when grown in water containing P. aquilinum, poultry manure and varying concentrations of copper. Alkalinity, phosphate and nitrate increased in water while copper content decreased at the end of the experiment. Concentrations of copper in water and fish flesh were significantly lower (p< 0.05) than in P. aquilinum with the highest concentration of 2776 mg/kg copper in the ferns exposed to 10mg/l copper and poultry manure. No significant differences were observed in the haematogical indices of fish. Histopathology showed changes in the gills, liver and kidneys. The muscle tissues showed no visible lesion even at 10mg/l copper and poultry manure. It was concluded that the water, C.gariepinus juveniles contained less copper than P. aquilinum in the presence of poultry litter. 1 - 99 105 - - Flora Eyibio Olaifa Iran Uptake copper Clarias gariepinus haematology histopathology

Pharmacological studies (Analgesic and Hemolytic) on the cone snail venom Conus coronatus Gmelin, 1791 2 2 The venom of the cone snails has a rich source of novel peptides with pharmaceutical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the hemolytic, and analgesic effects of Conus coronatus venom. Samples were collected from Qeshm Island, Persian Gulf. The venom ducts were isolated and kept on ice then homogenized. The mixture was centrifuged and the supernatant was considered as a crude venom. The hemolytic activity was performed on human red blood cell and purification was carried out by using gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-25. The analgesic effect was evaluated via intraperitoneally (IP) injection in mice. Finally, the molecular weight of the analgesic fractions was determined by using Tricine-SDS-PAGE. Results showed that the crude venom exhibited no hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes and the purify fraction number C2 with dose 0/5 mg/kg showed the best analgesic activity in both acute and inflammatory pain and exhibited a dose-dependent analgesic effect (P<0.05) containing peptides with the molecular weight less than 6.5 kDa. The venom of the C. coronatus from the Persian Gulf contains an analgesic component for relieving acute and inflammatory pain with a small size and no toxicity which can lead to finding a new analgesic drug. 1 - 106 111 - - Halimeh Rajabi Iran - - Hossein Zolgharnein Iran - - Mohammad Taghi Ronagh Iran - - Ahmad Savari Iran - - Alireza Amuzandeh Iran - - Nabi Jomehzadeh Iran Analgesic Hemolytic Venom Conotoxin

Temporal variation in reproductive pattern of windowpane oyster Placuna placenta (Mollusca: Placunidae) from Sonmiani, Balochistan, Pakistan 2 2 Windowpane oyster, Placuna placenta from Sonmiani on the coast of Pakistan was studied. They are pearl producing oysters well-known in south Asia. The sex-ratio in this species was found to be close to 1:1 Mendelian ratio with number of females being slightly greater than males. No sexually undifferentiated and hermaphrodite oyster was found. Five stages of gametogensis, developing, ripe, partially spawned, spent and resorbing were identified in male and female oysters. Spawning in males and females was observed throughout the year with peak in spring and autumn and a brief resting period in winter. Gonad index in males was 1 to 5, whereas, in females ranked 1 to 4. This value was never ranked 5 in females as continuous spawning occurred throughout the year except December. 1 - 112 119 - - Sadat Parveen Iran - - Ghazala Siddiqui Iran - - Safia Hassan Iran Windowpane oyster northern Arabian Sea gametogenesis spawning season

Growth and response of Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, towards treated quail dung 2 2 1 - 120 121 - - Seong Wei Lee Iran - - Faiz Anizam Azree Iran - - Ramli Zharif Iran - - Yusoff Akrimah Iran - - Eh Rak Aweng Iran