Effect of Nano Seaweed Extract on Tillaring Pattrin, growth and yield of Barley Varieties

Two field experiments were conducted in the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad (Al-Jadriya) during the winter seasons of 2019-2020 and 2020-2021. In order to study the response of three barley cultivars (IPA 99, IPA 265 and Bohoth 244) to seaweed extract in its regular and nano form, and its reflection on the quantitve and qualitve traits of barley, yield and tillering patterns. The results of the experiment showed that the tillering pattern of formation of tillers was excelled in plants of cultivar IPA 265 with a 10 g l-1 of nano concentration of seaweed extract, It recorded 6.30 and 6.27 tillers plant-1 for both seasons, respectively. The spray treatment with nano seaweed extract 10 g l-1 was excelled in most of the studied traits (quantitative, growth, and qualitative traits) And it converges in its effect with a 20 g l-1 regular concentration. The cultivar IPA 265 excelled in plant height, kinetin content of leaves and percentage of fertile tillers. while IPA 99 cultivar excelled in flag leaf area, chlorophyll content, spike length, number of grains per spike, harvest index, percentage of protein and gluten. The cultivar Bohoth 244 excelled in leaf area duration , grain growth rate, 1000-grain weight, and carbohydrate percentage. The concentration of 10 g l-1 of nano seaweed extract was significantly excelled in most growth traits except for seed growth rate, 1000 seed weight, and harvest index trait. The concentration 20 g l-1 of regular seaweed extract for both seasons.The interaction was significant in most of the studied traits by adopting the differences test based on the least significant difference test except for the leaf content of kinetin. It can be concluded that the use of nano seaweed extract at concentration of 10 g l-1 and the cultivation of the cultivars IPA 99 and IPA 265 provide with significant increase in seed yield of barley in the tillering pattern formation and the increase percentage of formation of fertile tiller of the barley plant growth and qualitative traits.